Understanding Sleeve Gastrectomy: The Basics Of Bariatric Surgery

Sleeve gastrectomy operation is the most basic of all bariatric surgeries. It is a widely recognized and effective bariatric surgery for weight loss. Unlike other bariatric surgeries, it involves only the stomach and not the small bowel, meaning there is no alteration in the route of food. This procedure involves removing approximately 80% of the stomach, leaving behind a tube-shaped ‘sleeve’, that is staple with advanced surgical tools

Patients often experience an increase in self-esteem and body image satisfaction, contributing to overall well-being. While the Bariatric surgery for weight loss offers numerous benefits, it is important for patients to maintain realistic expectations and understand that weight loss outcomes can vary. Support from healthcare professionals, family, and support groups can play a vital role in the success of long-term weight management

1. Preparation:

Consultation with a Bariatric surgeon:

Patients must speak with a bariatric surgeon prior to having a sleeve gastrectomy operation so that the surgeon may evaluate their medical background, present state of health, and expectations for weight loss.

Preoperative assessments:

To make sure the patient is both physically and psychologically ready for surgery, these could include imaging studies, blood tests, and psychological assessments.

Preoperative diet:

To minimize liver size and enable a safer procedure, patients are usually needed to keep to a particular diet for a few weeks before surgery

2. Anesthesia:

General anesthesia:

The patient won’t feel any pain or discomfort during the procedure as a general anesthesia is used

3. Surgical Procedure:

Laparoscopic Surgery:

Sleeve gastrectomy is usually performed laparoscopically, involving several small incisions in the abdomen through which a camera and surgical instruments are inserted.

Stomach Resection:

The surgeon removes approximately 80 percent of the stomach, transforming it into a slender, tube-like shape.

Stapling:

The remaining stomach is stapled using advanced surgical instruments to create a narrow “sleeve.”

Closure:

The incisions are closed with sutures or surgical glue

The role of a bariatric surgeon is crucial throughout the sleeve gastrectomy process. Their responsibilities include:

Preoperative Care:

Conducting thorough assessments and preparing the patient for surgery.

Surgical Expertise:

Performing the procedure with precision to minimize risks and complications.

Postoperative Care:

Monitoring the patient’s recovery, managing any complications, and providing guidance on diet and lifestyle changes

Early Satiety and Reduced Hunger

The sleeve gastrectomy significantly reduces the stomach’s size, which restricts the amount of food intake and causes early satiety. This means that smaller amounts of food lead to a feeling of fullness. Additionally, the procedure reduces the production of ghrelin, the hunger hormone, which helps in decreasing appetite

Less Invasive than Gastric Bypass

The fact that sleeve gastrectomy is less invasive than gastric bypass is one of its main benefits. The absorption of nutrients remains unaffected as the intestines are not bypassed. By doing this, the chance of nutritional deficiencies and other issues brought on by more involved bariatric procedures is decreased.

Significant Weight Loss

Patients can expect to lose approximately 50-80 percent of their excess weight within 1-2 years after the surgery. However, achieving and maintaining weight loss requires regular follow-ups and a commitment to lifestyle changes

Improved Quality of Life

Studies have shown that sleeve gastrectomy contributes to a higher quality of life. For many patients, issues related to obesity, such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea, are significantly reduced or completely resolved

Like any surgical procedure, sleeve gastrectomy carries certain risks and potential complications, including:

Infection:

Although rare, infections can occur at the incision sites or within the abdomen.

Bleeding:

Some patients may experience bleeding during or after surgery.

Leakage:

There is a risk of leakage from the stapled stomach, which can lead to serious complications.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD):

Some patients may develop or experience worsening of GERD

Diet and Nutrition

After sleeve gastrectomy, patients must adhere to a specific weight loss diet progression, starting with clear liquids and gradually moving to solid foods. A dietitian will provide guidance on portion sizes, nutrient-dense foods, and the importance of hydration

Physical Activity

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining weight loss and overall health. Patients should aim to include both aerobic exercises and strength training into their routine

Regular follow-up appointments with the bariatric surgeon and healthcare team are important for monitoring progress, addressing any concerns, and making necessary adjustments to the treatment plan

Sleeve gastrectomy is a highly effective bariatric operation for weight loss that offers numerous benefits, including significant weight loss, reduced hunger, and improved quality of life. It is less invasive than gastric bypass and does not affect nutrient absorption. However, achieving long-term success requires a commitment to lifestyle changes, regular follow-ups, and adherence to dietary guidelines.

For those struggling with obesity and related health issues, sleeve gastrectomy is the way to a healthier and more fulfilling life